{"id":6435,"date":"2023-03-16T15:59:49","date_gmt":"2023-03-16T14:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/catalanwines.com\/histoire\/anys-1903-1905\/"},"modified":"2025-01-11T19:23:42","modified_gmt":"2025-01-11T18:23:42","slug":"anys-1903-1905","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/catalanwines.com\/fr\/histoire\/anys-1903-1905\/","title":{"rendered":"1903 – 1905"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Les stations \u0153nologiques sont un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de la modernisation et de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 des vins catalans.<\/h2>\n

Il existe des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents priv\u00e9s au d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle, comme le jardin botanique de la Chambre de commerce de Barcelone (1815). Mais l\u2019implication de l\u2019\u00c9tat espagnol n\u2019est intervenue qu\u2019au milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment en 1851, lors de la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019\u00c9cole centrale et g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019agriculture, dipl\u00f4mant les premiers agronomes. Au cours du dernier tiers du XIXe si\u00e8cle, le concept de cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une zone sp\u00e9cifique pour la viticulture et la vinification a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement accept\u00e9, surtout apr\u00e8s l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des grands fl\u00e9aux europ\u00e9ens : l\u2019o\u00efdium (1845), le phyllox\u00e9ra (1878) et le mildiou (ann\u00e9es 1880).<\/p>\n<\/article>\n <\/div>\n

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En 1892, le premier centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 \u00e0 La Rioja, et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019en cr\u00e9er deux autres dans les zones viticoles les plus importantes de la p\u00e9ninsule s\u2019est imm\u00e9diatement fait sentir : Vilafranca, en 1903, et Reus, en 1903. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces deux stations et centres de formation et de sensibilisation \u00e0 la viticulture, peu de r\u00e9gions ont men\u00e9 un processus de replantation comme celui qui a eu lieu dans le Pened\u00e8s et le Camp de Tarragone.<\/p>\n

Ses principales fonctions \u00e9taient de moderniser la viticulture et d\u2019accompagner les viticulteurs dans un processus d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des techniques et des infrastructures, tout en surmontant la crise du phyllox\u00e9ra. En ce sens, les stations \u0153nologiques ont m\u00eame offert des cours aux petits propri\u00e9taires terriens, se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant parfois de village en village afin de les rendre plus accessibles. Une lutte contre la fraude dans la commercialisation des vins a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e, en effectuant des analyses en laboratoire et en promouvant de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes et de nouveaux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s \u0153nologiques. Dans un secteur o\u00f9 la majorit\u00e9 des vins \u00e9taient produits dans des espaces rudimentaires et mal contr\u00f4l\u00e9s, les contributions des stations \u0153nologiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cruciales pour l\u2019entr\u00e9e des vins catalans dans les ligues europ\u00e9ennes, avec une longueur d\u2019avance sur les autres r\u00e9gions de la p\u00e9ninsule Ib\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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Salle d\u2019outils.\n<\/figcaption>\n \n <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n
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Salle de laboratoire de la station \u0153nologique de Vilafranca. – demand\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Escuela d\u2019Enoturisme (\u00e9cole d\u2019\u0153notourisme). \n<\/figcaption>\n \n <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n
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Participants et enseignant du cours sur les pratiques de d\u00e9gustation, 1914 \u00e0 Vilafranca. Plaques de verre de la Station \u0153nologique, Fonds VINSEUM.\n<\/figcaption>\n \n
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Les stations \u0153nologiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dot\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9quipements et de ressources permettant de former les propri\u00e9taires et les viticulteurs, tant sur le terrain que dans le domaine de la vinification et de la d\u00e9gustation organoleptique. Des salles sp\u00e9cifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9nag\u00e9es avec des \u00e9quipements de pointe. Mais des \u00e9tudes scientifiques d\u00e9taill\u00e9es ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es sur les processus de culture de la vigne, les types de sol, les engrais utilis\u00e9s et les ph\u00e9notypes et g\u00e9notypes des c\u00e9pages. De m\u00eame, la qualit\u00e9 du vin est analys\u00e9e dans les laboratoires afin de garantir son exportation.<\/p>\n\n <\/article>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

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Carte postale de la station \u0153nologique de Reus. Domaine public. \n<\/figcaption>\n \n
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es deux stations \u0153nologiques ont d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 dirig\u00e9es par Caludi Oliveres, ing\u00e9nieur agronome et l\u2019une des figures centrales de la viticulture du d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle. Dans le cas de la station \u0153nologique de Reus, elle a la particularit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre situ\u00e9e dans un b\u00e2timent d\u2019architecture industrielle moderniste qui a surv\u00e9cu jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui, \u0153uvre de Pere Caselles de Reus.<\/p>\n\n <\/article>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

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Fa\u00e7ade de la station \u0153nologique de Vilafranca, situ\u00e9e dans la rue Amaia Soler, au centre de Vilafranca.\n<\/figcaption>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n
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Fa\u00e7ade de la station \u0153nologique de Vilafranca, situ\u00e9e dans la rue Amaia Soler, au centre de Vilafranca.\n<\/figcaption>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":6250,"menu_order":15,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-fita.blade.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6435","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n1903 - 1905 - Catalan Wines<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/catalanwines.com\/fr\/histoire\/anys-1903-1905\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1903 - 1905 - Catalan Wines\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/catalanwines.com\/fr\/histoire\/anys-1903-1905\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Catalan Wines\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-11T18:23:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/catalanwines.com\\\/fr\\\/histoire\\\/anys-1903-1905\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/catalanwines.com\\\/fr\\\/histoire\\\/anys-1903-1905\\\/\",\"name\":\"1903 - 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